The Olympics has catapulted Beijing into a top destination to visit. Here is our guide to the top ten must-sees in Beijing.

1. Great Wall of ChinaThis has to be top of the hit list for first time visitors to Beijing. Unsurprisingly, it was listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Legacy in 1987. It spans 6700 km and it took over 200 years to complete. The intention was to keep invadors out and the locals in. Qin Shihuang (221-210 BC), the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty ordered the building of the wall to keep out the Huns from the North. At its closest point it is less than 60km/40 miles from Beijing.

The wall is crumbling and some segments have been restored with four main sites available from Beijing: Badaling, Mutianyu, Huanghua Cheng and Simatai.

Sites:Badaling: 44 miles (70 km) North West of Beijing. Bus 1 from Qian MenEntry: RNB 45Open: 7.30am-5pm daily

Mutianyu: 56 miles (90 km) North of Beijing. Bus 6 from Xuanwu MenEntry: RNB 34Open: 7am-6.30pm

Huanghua Cheng: 37 miles (60 km) North of BeijingEntry: RNB 25Open: 8am-5pm Mon-Fri 7.30am-5.30pn Sat, SunSimatai: 68 miles (110 km) North East of Beijing. Bus 6 from Xuanwu MenEntry: RNB 40Open: 8am-5pm

2. The Forbidden City - Gu Gon in Chinese - aka Palace MuseumFor almost five centuries, from the Ming Dynasty to the Quing Dynasty, The Forbidden City was home to 24 emperors and their household as well as serving as the ceremonial and political centre of Chinese Goverment. It was called The Forbidden City, because entry was strictly prohibited and unauthorised entry would lead to death!

This rectangular-shaped monument is located in the middle of Beijing, north of Tiananmen Square and is an exemplary example of traditional Chinese palatial architecture. It is laid out over a huge area of 720,000 square metres that has over 800 buildings and 9999.5 rooms (because only heaven could have 10,000 rooms).

Although this is the historic heart of the Chinese Empire dating back to the 15th century, most of the buildings now date back to the 18th century. The city wall is red, but, as yellow is the symbol of the royal family, the Fobidden City is mostly yellow. Roofs are built with yellow glazed tiles, decorations are in yellow and so is the ground.

It was declared a World Heritage Site in 1987 and is listed by UNESCO as the largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the world.

Address: Jingshan Front Street, Dongcheng District Forbidden City websiteEntry: RNB 60 April 1-October 31, RNB 40 November 1-March 31Buy your tickets at the Meridian Gate or to avoid queues enter from the Gate of Divine Prowess and visit in reverse.Open: 8.30am to 5pm. April 16-October 15, to 4.30pm October 16-April 15, Allow three hours.Getting there: Subway Tian'an Men Xi or Tian'an Men Dong

3. Ming Tomb (13 Tombs in Ming Dynasty)The thirteen tombs of the Ming Emperors are located 50km Northwest of Beijing at the foot of the Tianshou Mountains. Construction of the palatial mausoleum started in 1409 and lasted 4 years. Only the Chang lLng, tomb of Emperor Zhu Di and his empresses, the Dingling tombs, mausoleum of Emperor Zhu Yijun, the thirteenth and longest serving emperor during the Ming Dynasty and the Zhaoling tomb (the twelfth emperor of the Ming Dynasty) are open to the public.

Each emperor's tomb was built at the foot of a separate small hill, but they share a main road called the Sacred Way, and visitors are allowed to walk along its 7 km (4.3 miles) if they wish. Spirit Way is part of this approach and is lined with 18 pairs of giant guardians.

Getting there: Tourist bus routes 1,2,3,4,5. Bus 845 from Xizhi Men (near subway) to Zhengfa Daxue in Changping then a taxi or bus 314 to Da Gong Men.Entry: to the scenic spots is free.Spirit Way: RNB 3-Chang Ling Tomb: RMB 30 November 01 to March31 / RMB 45 (April 01 to October 31Dingling Tomb: RMB 40 November 1 to March 31 / RMB 60 (April 1 to October 31)Open: Chang Ling Tomb: 8:30am-5.30pm / Dingling Tomb: 8.40am- 6pm.

4. Tian'anmen SquareThis is the biggest city-based square in the world and it was here in 1949, from a rostrum on Tian'anmen Guangchang (the Gate of Heavenly Peace), that Chairman Mao announced the establishment of the People's Republic of China.

Tian'anmen Square is circled by Tian'anmen (Gate of Heaven Peace) on its north; the Great Hall of the People on its west; on the east lies the National Museum of China. There are Monument to the People's Heroes and Chairman Mao's Mausoleum on the south.

Tourists and locals mingle here and kite fliers use it to enjoy their sport. This is also where national celebrations are held and where leaders address their people. To give you an idea of size, there are lampposts kitted with megaphones so that crowds of 10,000 people can hear. You can visit the balcony that speakers use (for a small fee) and from here you will get a lovely view over the square. At night the square is lit up giving off a lovely glow.

At sunrise and sunset, the Chine flag, located at the northern end of the square, is raised and lowered by a squad of military men of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). Traffic is halted for the occasion and many come to view, so get there early to get a pitch with a good view. You can enter the square freely until 10.30pm.

Getting There: Bus No.1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 52, 57, 22, 54, 120, 802, special bus No.1 and get off Zhongshan Park stop or Tian An Men stop. Subway: Tian'anmen Xi or Tian'an Men Dong or Qian MenEntry: Tiananmen Square: FreeTiananmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace): RMB 15The Great Hall of the People: RMB 15Chairman Mao's Mausoleum: RMB20 Visit in the morning to avoid queues.The National Museum of China: RMB30

5. Temple of Heaven (Tiantan)This is a large park and temple complex that served as a sacred site for five centuries during the Ming and Quing emperors. Here the emperor would make sacrifices during the winter solstice, and pray to heaven and his ancestors, on behalf of his people for bumper harvests. In fact, the complex has the largest sacrificial place in Beijing with imperial altars to Heaven, Earth, the Sun, the Moon super natures.

The park has a large tower made from wood without nails and a thousand species of trees, some over 600 hundreds of years old. Locals go there to practise martial arts and play chess.

There is also an echo wall built in a complete circle. If you stand by the wall, the words are carried along the wall and can be heard on the other side.Address: on the east of Tianqiao, Chongwen District 67018866Open: Park 8am-6pm, Temple 8am-5pmEntry: Park free, Temple RMB 30Getting there: Buses 6, 20, 39, Subway Chongwen Men or Qian Men

6. Summer Palace Located in the north west corner of Beijing next to the university, this was once a place of rest and relaxation for the emperor but now it is used as a public park.

Pride of place is the huge lake and a promenade encircling it. There are towers, halls and temples that climb the hillside if you do to you will get a fabulous view over the lake and its environs. You can rent an electric powered boat or join a group on teh dragon boat. Boat rides stop at 4.30pm.

Entry: RNB 50 April-October, RNB 40 Novenber to March. Audio guides are available for RNB 30 Open: 8.30am-8pm April to October, 7am-7pm November to March. Last admission 2 hours before closing.Getting there: From Beijing centre a taxi will take 50 minute. Subway Xizhi Men then bus number 32 or 808 from the zoo.

7. Underground CityThis is an underground bomb shelter just beneath the city. It was built more than 20 years ago and opened to the public in 2000. It was built as a result of the Sino-Soviet border conflict in 1969 over Zhenbao Island in northeast China's Heilongijang River. This was bult in case of nuclear attack. It took 300,000 locals four years to complete the underground city and it spanned 85 square kilometres 8 metres below the surface. There were hundreds of entrances via trap doors to the shelter and most of these are hidden by shops and houses.

It was designed to house 40% of the capital's population who would have access to shops, restaurants, clinics, schools, theatres, reading rooms and even hairdressers. A mushroom cultivation farm was also installed to grow foods that require little light.Address: There 62 West Damochang Street, Qianmen, tel. 6702-2657.

8. Wangfuijing Dajie (Street)This street is the traditional centre of Beijing that has been renovated into a pedestrian-only zone in 2000 and this is where you should go to for some retail therapy. The street is not for the faint hearted - it is very long and if you were to walk the length of it without stopping to window shop, it would take around half an hour. There are two shopping malls, one of which, the Oriental Plaza, sprawls over two blocks to the east, potentially adding another 15 minutes.

Shops include food stalls, department stores, Chinese art, silk, tea and souvenir shops. Don't forget to pop into the chopstick shops. At night all the neons light up the streets and some shops stay open to 9pm. The highlight is the night market offering a range of open-air food stalls.

To the north is city's most important church, the triple-domed, Baroque style St Joseph's Church. It is also known as the East Cathedral. First built in 1655 t was renovated a few times after a fire, an earthquake and destruction during the Boxing Rebellion. It's recent renovation cost over US$2million. It is approached by a gateway and piazza and beautifully lit up at night.

Getting there: Subway Wangfujing Open: Night market 5.30pm-10pm Address St Joseph's Church: 74 Wangfujing Dajie Getting there: Sumbway Dengshikou

9. CCTV TowerIf you have had your fill of ancient history, this modern tower may fit the bill. It is home to TV and radio stations and if you go up you'll get a great view over western Beijing. Later you can dine at its revolving restaurant.

Getting there: The tower is in the western suburbs of Beijing and can be reached by subway by getting off at the Gong Zhu Fen (110) Line 1 station and walking north 15 to 20 minutes. Alternatively you can get a taxi.

10. Beijing ZooSituated in the Xicheng District, Beijing Zoo is the largest in China. This is a fully fledged zoo with more than 3,500 species from around the world. But its unique feature is its giant pandas.

Address: 131 Xi Zhi Men Wai Avenue, Xi cheng District, Beijing, 100044, Tel: +86 10 6831 4411Beijing Zoo website Open: 7.30am to 6pmGetting there: The Beijing Zoo is located in the north west of Beijing not too far from the center. Taxi is your best bet for getting there, but you do have the option of taking the subway to Xi Zhi Men station (201) on Line 2 followed by walking 15 to 20 mins or taking a short bus ride.

Click here for our need-to-know guide to Beijing

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Beijing Top Ten

Flying visit to New York? Check out our New York Top Ten must-sees:

The 'city that never sleeps' is one of the world's most exciting, most colourful and most intoxicating destinations. New York is shopper's paradise and though you only get $1.50 to the £1 (it was $2 to £1 in its heyday) there are still bargains to be had. Hoteliers, in particular, are frantically discounting their room rates to compensate for the drop in visitors.

Regardless of what the £ is doing, what never changes is the fact that the city is one of the world's greatest entertainment and cultural capitals and crammed full of sights, museums and dazzling theatres. So whether it's for gifts, sales bargains, a Broadway show, jazz in the 'Village', the sight of the Manhattan skyline, or simply for the city's unique atmosphere, this is a city break to take before you die.

1) Central Park

New York's chill out zone, Central Park, was the first landscaped park in the United States and it’s located in the heart of New York. Manhattan locals escape to here from their skyscrapers and hectic lives to enjoy some time away from the madding crowd. The park has appeared in so many films and TV series, it even has its own celebrity status. Central Park, hosts the much anticipated annual Summerstage. This is a series of free concerts held throughout the summer months at the Rumsey Playfield in the centre of the park. In all there are 1,100 free concerts scheduled to take place, not just in Central Park but also city-wide in public spaces throughout New York. Show stoppers include Cassandra Wilson, Joss Stone, Arrested Development and Rufus Wainwright.

Don’t forget to visit the Strawberry Fields three-acre landscaped area of Central Park that has been dedicated to the memory of John Lennon who used to live across the street in the Dakota building. His wife, Yoko Ono, still lives there.

2) Empire State Building

First timers to New York should go directly to the lime-stone art-deco dazzler – the Empire State Building. The shimmering gold lobby is enough to make the trip worthwhile but it is the views of Manhattan that you are after.

The vista from the observatory on the 86th and 102nd floors is superb. Use the headphones and let Tony the Italian cab driver give you the lowdown on how to help you plan the next few bites of the apple. The queues can be tiresome but getting there really early or very late helps. Or to avoid them altogether, buy your tickets online.

For a magical moment, get there in time for sunset and watch the play of light as the sun sets over the city.

350 Fifth Avenue, Open 9am-midnight, Admission $11

3) Statue of Liberty

This imposing statue of a woman wearing a stola, a radiant crown and sandals trampling a broken chain whilst carrying a torch in her raised hand, was designed by sculptor Frederic-August Bartholdi Standing tall in the middle of Liberty Island. It is  known as the “Liberty Enlightening the World’ and was a gift from France to celebrate the American Centennial in 1885. It was unveiled on October 28th 1886 and is the ultimate symbol of the American Dream. It is whispered that the stern face of the statue was modeled on Bartholdi’s mother due to the uncanny resemblance, though this has never been confirmed or denied by the sculpture.

At 305 feet (93 meters) tall it remains America’s finest visual and spiritual landmarks and the first thing you see when you sail into New York’s harbour.

You can enter the pedestal and the monument’s crown but buy your tickets well in advance. The Statue of Liberty exhibit is located on the second floor of the pedestal of the statue and offers a complete history of her symbolism and you can see a full size replica of her face and feet.

Admission: Free. Ferry ticket to Statue of Libery and Ellis Island costs $10 for adults and $4 for kids 3-17 years. Last ferry departs at 4pm

4) Ellis Island

Ellis Island, reached via ferry from New York, was the gateway for over 12 million immigrants from 1892 to 1954. All were in search of freedom of speech, freedom of religion and prosperity. Since 1990 it has reopened to the public as a museum and is one of New York's most moving attractions. The musuem depicts the story of immigrants to America through their eyes, has a wall that commemorates more than 500,000 immigrants and their families. There are also interactive exhibits and if you are trying to trace your ancestors this could be a good place to start.

Admission: Free. Ferry ticket to Statue of Libery and Ellis Island costs $10 for adults and $4 for kids 3-17 years. Last ferry departs at 4pmstart.

5) Metropolitan Museum of Art

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, is located on the eastern edge of Central Park along the Museum Mile, was created by a group of New York bankers and financiers who felt that their home town needed an encycolpeadic museum of world art.

Known generally as The Met, this amazing museum delivers. Access is from the sidewalk on Fifth Avenue where palatial steps Doric columns and tall windows greet you. Inside immense stairways and water fountains add glamour and grandeur and a sense of awe. Even if you ‘don’t do museums’, this one will still be a winner.

This huge museum offers every category of art in every known medium from every part of the world. In all there’s a staggering 2 million works of arts so there’s bound to be a section you’ll love. Perhaps The Temple of Dendur and Egyptian Art wing, The Equestrian Court in the Arms and Armory section, the collection of Cypriot Art, the Picassos, the Greek and Roman sculptures or the rooftop garden with its modern art installation.

Our tip: Allow at least a few hours, get a map and plan your route carefully otherwise you’ll probably get lost, and wear comfy shoes. Don’t leave without visiting the rooftop because from here you’ll get a staggering view over New York city.

1000 5th Avenue and 82nd Street, Tuesday-Thursday 9.30am-5.30pm Friday and Saturday 9.30am-9pm, Sunday 9.30am-5.30pm

6) Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)

This amazing museum, located in midtown Manhattan, is New York’s most prestigious and has the largest collection of artwork created between 1880 to date. To give you some perspective MoMA's library and archives hold over 300,000 books, artist books, and periodicals, as well as individual files on more than 70,000 artists, so allow at least a couple of hours for your visit. If you get hungry while you are there, dine at its award winning restaurant called The Modern.

53rd Street. Museum hours: 10:30 a.m.–5:30 p.m, Admission: $20

7) Times Square & Broadway

Times Square, located in New York City's vibrant borough of Manhattan, is the central hub for nightlife, restaurants and entertainment for New Yorkers. If it looks familiar when you get there its because its featured in hundreds of tv productions. In particular the Robert De Nero-Jodi Foster film Taxi Driver was shot here.

It stretches from West 42nd to West 47th streets and has the accolade of being one of the world's most iconic landmarks. At night, the square simply dazzles with the bright lights, animated advertisement and large tv screens showing news reels. Depending on your perspective, it’s either a neon nightmare or the place to be.

Broadway, the city’s theatre district is located just off Times Square and is home to over 50 theatres, more than 30 hotels, cinemas, shops, restaurants and bars. Everyone should catch a show before their leave New York. Most musicals do afternoon performances on Wednesday, Saturdays and Sundays so you could squeeze in a matinee in between shopping and dinner.

8) Grand Central Terminal

Manhattan’s Grand Central Station is famed worldwide as the bustling hub of transportation. Constructed in 1903-1913 it is a grand Beaux-Arts building serving as a transportation hub connecting train, metro, car and pedestrian traffic. Every day a staggering 5000,000 travellers pass through the monumental Grand Central railway station every day. yet few people know about the Whispering Gallery.

Find it just outside the Oyster Bar restaurant in the lower concourse in a domed area where people generally congregate. As elsewhere in New York, the noise is constant but amazingly if you stand facing a pillar and whisper, someone standing facing a pillar diagonally opposite to you will hear it. Try it with a friend – it is actually more discrete than using your mobile.

When you leave Grand Central Station choose the tunnel marked Lexington Avenue which leads to the stunning Art Deco Chrysler Building.

9) World Trade Center - Ground Zero

The skyline on Lower Manhattan used to have the twin towers of World Trade Center but their destruction in the September 11 2001 terrorist attack left a gaping whole both in the landscape and in the city’s soul. Today, this area (bordered by Vesey Street to the north, the West Side Highway to the west, Liberty Street to the south and Church street to the east) is referred to as Ground Zero and there is a Wall of Heroes that lists the names of those who died that day. There are also photos of how the World Trade Center was initially contructed in the 60s and finally opened in 1972.

After much debate the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation set up a competition for ideas of how to use the land. A design for a tower, to be called 1 World Trade Center and nicknamed Freedom Tower, submitted by Daniel Libeskind was finally selected. The new design was unveiled on June 28 2006 and the building will most likely be ready for occupancy some time in 2013. When completed 1 World Trade Centre will be 1,368 feet (417 m) and be the tallest building in the United States and and the tallest all-office building in the world.

This tower will be located in the northwest corner of the 16-acre site, and three other high-rise blocks are planned and they will surround the World Trade Center Memorial (also under construction). There will also be a permanent memorial called Reflecting Absence.

10) Rockefeller Center

The Rockefeller Center, built by the Rockefeller family, is a huge but attractive complex of 14 commercial lime stone buildings around a central fountain that overlooks its world famous ice rink.

The complex is located Theatre District in lower Manhattan stretches from 48th Street to 51st street and Fifth Avenue and the Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue). It houses the largest indoor theatre – Radio City Music Hall – so named after the complex’s first tenants – the Radio Corporation of America. Beneath is a complete shopping extravaganza with cafes and restaurants.

TOP TIP TO SEE THE HARBOUR: The Staten Island Ferry offer a free 25 mintue ride around the harbour. You'll pass by (without stopping) at the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island.

TOP TIP FOR SHOPPERS: Who wouldn't put shopping on their To-Do list in New York. Sales start December 26 and last till the end of February. Expect 30-60 per cent at high street stores and up to 80 per cent in warehouses.

Look out for Barneys Warehouse, 255 West 17th Street, for savings of up to 80 per cent on labels such as Prada and Chole. Scoop, 532 Broadway, stocks the coolest brands, Earnest Sewn jeans and Sigerson Morrison shoes are much cheaper than in the UK. Non designer wear sales are really good at Saks and Bloomingdales. Macy's can be chaotic.

TOP TIP FOR DIE-HARD SIGHT-SEE-ERS: Buy a New York CityPass for $74, which gives you entrance to all the major museums plus a range of tourist attractions, including the Empire State Building and a cruise around the Statue of Liberty.

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Times Square, well, it"s a square, so what?

THE Eiffel Tower is 'frustratingly overcrowded and overpriced'. And Stonehenge is 'just a load of old rocks'.

So says a recent report, which has named the Top 10 most disappointing tourist spots in the UK and around the world, reported The Telegraph.

The Louvre's Mona Lisa and New York's Times Square also have difficulty enticing tourists to rush back, the UK survey reveals.

Even Egypt's great pyramids, one of the seven wonders of the world, made the list of underwhelming and overrated attractions, no thanks to the oppressive heat and the persistent hawkers.

But top of the 'world' list was Paris's famous tower, which almost a quarter of the 1,000 plus British tourists questioned dubbed a flop.

Ms Felice Hardy of Virgin Travel Insurance, which commissioned the survey, said holiday-makers looking for unexpected delights should opt for less mainstream destinations.

Famous sites in the UK were not spared. Other than Stonehenge, which was No 1 on the UK disappointing list, The London Eye, Buckingham Palace and Big Ben were also mentioned.

Instead, attractions like Alnwick Castle in Northumberland, Shakespeare's Globe Theatre in London, and the Isle of Skye in Scotland were listed as places in the UK promising not to disappoint.

On the global list, those looking to avoid the crowds but wish to witness something spectacular could seek out the recently unearthed fortress of Kuelap in northern Peru, a just rival to crowded Machu Picchu in the south.

The far-flung, jungle-clad temples of Cambodia are another option waiting to be discovered, as is the Javan temple of Borobudur.

The tourist sights voted most disappointing around the world were:

1. The Eiffel Tower

2. The Louvre (Mona Lisa)

3. Times Square

4. Las Ramblas, Spain

5. Statue of Liberty

6. Spanish Steps, Rome

7. The White House

8. The Pyramids, Egypt

9. The Brandenburg Gate, Germany

10. The Leaning Tower of Pisa

Do you agree/disagree? Do you have a place you would like to add to the list? Leave a comment.

Oh, and if you would like to suggest a really amasing tourist spot, which made you go 'wow', join our Facebook discussion on Your top 10 tourist spots

What are your favourite Valentine destinations?

If you have enjoyed a fabulously romantic tryst in a hotel, resort or destination, we would love to hear all about it.

Or if you are a tourist board and feel your destination is incredibly romantic or if you manage a hotel, restaurant or resort that is ideal for romance tell us and we will tell everyone else.

Please do not email us but leave your suggestions as a comment below, or on Facebook.

We will do our own research and will combine our favourites with your suggestions.

Berjaya Beach Resort, Langkawi, Malaysia

Butterflies are one of the treats of the countryside in summer and spotting them is a simple pleasure.

Butterflies are one of the treats of the countryside in summer and spotting them is a simple pleasure that can be enjoyed by all. But they are also an important indicator of the health of the natural world and the changes affecting our climate.

Some of the best butterfly sites in the UK can be found on National Trust land.  Many of these sites are completely free to visit for a perfect day’s butterfly watching in the summer sun.

Matthew Oates, National Trust Nature Conservation Adviser and butterfly expert, said: “Butterflies take you to the very best places in the UK , at the most wonderful times of year and in the loveliest of weather.  They offer the thrill of the chase combined with experiences of deep beauty and wonder.  I’ve picked some of my favourite places, where I have experienced some of the most wonderful days of my life.”

These picture-perfect locations are ten of the best places to see butterflies from July-September and chosen by Matthew Oates based on his 40 years of butterflying experience. Matthew’s top ten National Trust butterfly sites are:

Afton, Compton and Brook Downs on the Isle of Wight Blue is the hue, as the sky-blue and electric-azure of the Chalkhill and Adonis Blues set the Downs aglow for a few fleeting weeks in August. Clouded Yellows are usually frequent in late summer.  There is also an Adonis Blue brood in June and lots of Small Blue too. 

Arnside Knott on the Cumbria/Lancashire border One of only two places in England for the Scotch Argus, which is dusky black with red border spots and flies during the end of July and beginning of August.  Also a top site for the rare and declining High Brown Fritillary, big, bold and fast flying in July.   Ashclyst Forest in Devon In July and August, Ashclyst turns in to a butterfly forest, the tress and glades teeming with White Admirals, Silver-Washed Fritillaries and Purple Hairstreaks. Bookham Common in Surrey In July Bookham plays host to the regal Purple Emperor, the UK 's greatest butterfly. It takes a little guile to track them down but it's worth it.  The wood is also great for White Admiral and Silver-washed Fritillary.  The rare ‘Black Admiral’ – colour form of the White Admiral – occurs here. Coleton Fishacre Garden in Devon The definitive wildlife garden, in a sheltered combe on the Devon coast near Dartmouth .  This garden is seriously good for butterflies in August and September: migrant Clouded Yellow, Red Admiral and Painted Lady are frequent, Common Blue and Marbled White breed in the grassland, Wall Brown patrols the banks, and the common garden butterflies are everywhere. Rare vagrant butterflies such as the Monarch can appear here in autumn so it’s essential visiting. Stackpole Warren and Cliffs in Pembrokeshire This large area of dunes, coastal grassland, cliffs and headland on the Pembrokeshire coast is a real cracker, especially in August when it is alive with butterflies.  Grayling, Common Blue and Brown Argus inhabit the dunes and bare ground areas of the cliffs.  Dark-green Fritillaries occur over much of the grassland, and in warm summers a second brood of Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary occurs.  Clouded Yellow and other migrants can also be seen.  The Langdale Pikes in Cumbria The ultimate butterfly challenge – finding the elusive Mountain Ringlet high on the fells in late June or early July.  The humble Small Heath is the only other butterfly you will see up here, though the day-flying Wood Tiger moth counts as an honorary butterfly.  Both fly at the same time of year.  Those of weaker disposition should try the slopes above the Honister Pass youth hostel. Murlough Nature Reserve in County Down In the golden sand dunes of this beautiful stretch of the Northern Ireland coast you’ll come across the Dark Green Fritillary from July to mid-August and the feisty Small Copper throughout July, August and September, as well as loads of Common Blues. Watlington Hill in the south Chilterns For years one of the best places for Silver-spotted Skipper, speeding low over the short grass in August.  Also, Chalkhill Blue, Brown Argus and Marbled White.  And if the butterflies aren’t playing ball, turn your eyes to the sky and watch the Red Kites soaring.  Whipsnade Down in Bedfordshire This ancient chalk grassland is great for early summer butterflies, notably Duke of Burgundy and Grizzled Skipper, with a few Small Blues.  Marbled Whites and a few Dark-green Fritillary fly during July.

More information on the best National Trust butterfly sites, including another ten beautiful hotspots, and how to get there can be found at http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/butterflies or by calling 0870 458 4000.

Purple Emperor

Adonis Blue

Duke of Burgundy

Flying visit to Brussels. Check-out our Top Ten must-sees.

Brussells wears three impressive hats, as the capital of Flanders, Belgium and Europe. It started life as a fortress, then developed into a market square and eventually blossomed into the economic, political and social centre of the Flemish capital. There's lots to see in the city from the bizarre comic strip to enjoying its café culture in the Grand-Place. Here is a list of our suggestions:

1. Grote Markt (Dutch) /Grand-Place (French)Grand-Place is the main tourist attraction of the City of Brussels but its beginnings were less than glamourous. The area was just a swampy sand-bank between two brooks, known as 'broek sella' which gave Brussels its name. The sand bank was reclaimed and turned into 'Niedermerckt' (lower market) and sold French and English textiles, French wines and German beer.

In the Middle Ages wooden houses were built around the market and by the 14th century wealthy families took to building stone mansions which led to the market developing into the main commercial administrative centre. The town hall came in 1402 and by now it was also a political centre. This is where dukes, royalty and emperors were received but the square was also the site of executions.

Today the Grand-Place is a beautiful, wide open cobbled medieval and is Brussels' main market square. It is a great place to hang out and admire the elegant guildhouses which replaced all the wooden homes. Many have admired its beauty including Victor Hugo and Baudelaire who rhapsodised about its charm and appealing looks.

There is a daily flower market between March and October and often accompanied with concerts and a light show in the evening.

Every two years, during the third week of August, Belgian begonia cultivators decorate the Market Place with a beautiful flower carpet using 700,000 begonias. Visitors are greeted with 3,200 square feet of amazing plant tapestry depicting a theme. This year the theme was 'End of the Middle Ages'. Unfortunately we will have to wait till 2010 for the next flower event.

The square is where daily business is done and where a flurry of local bars and cafés are a superb example of top quality café culture.

2. Hôtel de Ville - Town Hall While at the Grand-Place don't forget to visit the Gothic Hôtel de Ville. It dates back to 1402 and is the seat of civic government. It is an attractive building with arched windows, towers and adorned with sculptures including St Michael slaying a she-devil. If you are feeling energetic, climb the 96 metre high Brabantine Gothic tower and enjoy the amazing views over the city.

Address: Grand-Place. Tel +33 (02 279 43 55Open: Apr-Sept Tues-Wed 3:15pm, Sun 10:45am and 12:15pm; Oct-Mar Tues-Wed 3:15pmEntry: 3 euros, kids under 6, free

3. Manneken-Pis - 'Pissing Boy' aka Petit JulienThe cheeky, chubby-cheeked Manneken-Pis is a major character in the folklore of Brussels. He is probably Brussels' most photographed statue, yet it is only 60cm high. He was designed by Jerome Duquesnoy and is a small fountain piece where the water emerges from a tiny metal penis that the boys points at the viewer. He is usually stark-naked but sometimes he gets dressed. He has an impressive wardrobe of 600 outfits displayed in the Maison du Roi.

Address: Corner of rue de l'Etuve and rue Chêne.

4. Maison du Roi (French) - Royal Art Museums - Broodhuis (Flemish)The French name of Maison du Roi is translated as 'the Kings House' but although the building is a richly ornamented masterpiece, no royalty ever lived here. The Flemish called it 'The Bread House' because the house replaced the town's Bread Market which had been there for hundreds of years. This museum is dedicated to the history of Brussels, and if you have already seen the Manneken-Pis, in here you can take a look at his costumes. The history of Brussels is told over three floors from the Middle Ages to date.

Address: Grand-Place (in front of the Town Hall) Tel +32 (0)2 279 43 62Open: 10am to 5pm every day.Closed: January 1, May 1, November 1,11 December 25Entry: 3 euros

5. Centre Belge de la Bande Dessinée - Cartoon-StripDid you know that Belgium has more comic strip artists per square kilometre than any other country? If you love cartoons, you may appreciate this museum dedicated to the comic strip. It is housed in the Waucquez Warehouse, a masterpiece in itself, designed by Art Nouveau architect, Victor Horta. You will be taken on the journey a comic strip artist has to make from concept to shop. There's over 5000 original drawings and an entire section to Belgium's famous cartoon character hero - Tin Tin.

Incidentally, you can see six dramatic, surprising and amusing cartoon murals painted on gable ends around the city. These were commission by the city itself. Pop into the tourist office, located in the town hall, to get a map.

Address: 20 Rue de Sables/Zandstraat Tel: +32 (0)2 219 19 80Cartoon-Strip websiteOpen: 10am-6pm Tuesday to SundayClosed: Monday and some national holidaysEntry: Adults 7,50 euros, Kids under 12 3 euros.

6. Heysel Park and the AtomiumHeysel park, located in the west of Brussels, is dedicated to recreation and leisure. In 1985 the European Champions Cup tragedy took place in the Heysel stadium killing several spectators. It has been redesigned since then and renamed Stade Roi Baudoin (King Baudoin Stadium).

One of the highlights of the park is the Atomium. This is a glistening 102 metre (335 ft) high model of an atom made out of chrome and steel designed by André Waterkeyn. To really appreciate this structure, take time to gaze up and enjoy the sheer enormity.

It was erected for the 1958 World Fair to symbolise a new 'atomic age'. It is an accurate depiction of an iron molecule that has been magnified 165 billion times. It comprises nine 18 metre diameter steel spheres connected by tupes, all of which contain exhibits.

It is probably more impressive on the outside than inside but a high-speed, glass-roofed lift takes visitors to the top in just 23 seconds where you can stop for a beer and a snack, take in the views and then get the escalators down stopping off at the various spheres.

Address for Atomium: Boulevard du Centenaire, Laeken Tel+32 (0)2 475 47 77Atomium websiteOpen: 9am-5pm April to August and 10am-6pm September to March Entry: 9 eurosGetting there: Heysel Metro

7. Mini-EuropeNext door to the Atomium is Bruparck, a 25 hectare leisure park of several amusements and attractions. This includes a 27 cinema complex called Kinepolis , an all-round Imax screen, a planetarium and a water park called L'Oceade plus a clutch of eateries in 'The Village'

Pride of place though goes to the a display of some of the most famous and symbolic buildings of the countries of the European Union at 1/25th of the original size. You will see gondolas, a TGV train on its way to Paris even hear the unmistakable chimes of Big Ben.

Address: Boulevard du Centenaire, Laeken Tel:+32 (0)2 478 0550Mini-Europe websiteOpen: 9.30am-6pm 1-19 April to June, 9.30am-8pm 1-19th July and 20-31 August, 9.30am-12 midnight 20 July to 19th AugustClosed: 6 January-31st MarchGetting there: Heysel Metro

8. Basilique du Sacré-Coeur de Koekelberg - Koekelberg Basilica of the Sacred HeartThis Art Deco church, the fifth largest church in the world, located in the Koekelberg municipality of Brussels. Its impressive dimensions (89 metres high and 167 metres long) look out over the Parc Elisabeth. Though it is modelled on the Sacré-Coeur in Paris it is made of concrete, sandstone and red-brick and, unlike the original, is not gleeming white. King Leopold decided to build it in 1902 and he laid the first stone in 1905. It was finally completed in 1971 in time to commemorate the 75th anniversary of Belgian independence. The cupola platform, which has a diameter of 33 metres, gives an excellent view over Brussels and the surrounding area.

Address: Boulevard Leopold II Tel: +32 (0)2 425 8822Open: 8am-6pm April to September and 8am-5pm October to MarchGetting there: Metro Simonis then bus 87

9. Royal Museums of Fine Art - Musées Royaux des Beaux ArtsThis is, in fact, two museums. The Museum of Ancient Art founded by Napoleon and is particularly noted for its display of the geat works of Flanders. The other is the Museum of Modern Art. This was added in 1984 and comprises eight floors, many of which are underground. Between them, they offer over 600 years of fine art comprising paintings, sculptures and drawings.

Address: Rue de la Régence 3. Tel: +32 (0)2 508 32 11Royal Museums of Fine Art websiteOpen: 10am-5pm (ticket office closed at 4pm)Closed: Mondays, January 1, second Thursday of January, May 1 November 1 and December 25Entry: Adults 5 euros, Audio guide 2.5 eurosGetting there: Metro Central station of Park (line 1), Tram 92, 84, Bus 27,29, 38,95

10. ShoppingNo city break would be complete without a spot of shopping. Antique lovers should descend upon the antiiques market in Place du Grand Sablon where on the square and the streets panning out from the square, the discerning antique lover may find that special piece. Rue de la Paille, Rue des Minimes and Rue de Rollebeek are particularly interesting. Brussels has its own flea market - the Jeu de Balle Flea Market. Rummage around here for gems, secondhand good and period furniture bargains.Belgium chocolates ar a must buy. For pralines go to Chocolatier Mary, for a tearoom experience visit Wittamer and for a shop of exceptional displays try Pierre Marcolini. Some chocolates are encrusted with real, yet edible, gold.If it has to be designer fashion then head for the Galleries. There are three Galeries Saint Hubert, Galeries du Roi and Galeries de la Reine. They are worth popping into just to take a look at the amazing glass roof.

Antique Market, Place du SablonChocolatier Mary, 73 Rue Royale Wittamer, 12-13 Place du Grand Sablon Tel +32 (0) 512 3742Pierre Marcoloni, 39 Place du Grand Sablon Tel +32 (0) 414 1206Flea Market, Place Jeu de Balle, Marolles district.Galeries are located between Rue du Marche aux Herbes and Rue de l'Ecuyer

See our Need-to-know guide to Brussels here

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HAVE YOU BEEN TO BRUSSELS. LET US KNOW WHAT YOU THINK OF THE CITY.

The Atomium in Heysel Park

Manneken Pis

Koekelberg Basilica of the Sacred Heart

Bi-Annual Flower Carpet at Grand Place

Comic Museum in Brussels

There are some things travellers can still do for free in Europe. Here is a guide to ten of them.

In this economy, the word “free” is the most alluring way to bring tourists to a destination. Cognizant of this is the European Travel Commission, which hasn’t wasted any time by coming up with a list of the top ten free things to do and see in Europe.

AUSTRIA

In Innsbruck (innsbruck.info) from May 30 to October 26, the hiking bus is free for guests with a Club Innsbruck Card staying in Innsbruck or one of the holiday villages— also free is the great hiking program.

Cheap flights to Innsbruck

Hotels in Innsbruck

ESTONIA

Tour the old town of Narva (tourism.narva.ee) and its 13th century castle of the Order of Germanic Knights that faces Russia’s opposing fortress of Ivanogrod, just an arrow’s flight across the river. The easternmost point of the European Union, it’s the east/west duality captured in two stone towers—and a great spot for concerts and open- air shows.

Cheap flights to Estonia

Hotels in Estonia

FRANCE

Welcome in summer (21st June) with the Fête de la Musique: Celebrate the summer solstice with free music and events in Paris and all throughout France (us.franceguide.com).

Cheap flights to France

Hotels in France

GERMANY

Berlin Museums Island—Visit the peerless Pergamon, the Old Museum, the Old National Gallery, the Bode Museum and the New Museum free of charge every Thursday after 2:00 PM—five temples on their own island in the River Spree, covering 6000 years of civilization.

Cheap flights to Berlin

Hotels in Berlin

HUNGARY

Red Bull Air Race August 19-20— breathtaking aerial speed and acrobatics above the Danube River as the world’s top pilots navigate an obstacle course in the sky in the fastest possible time, including flying beneath the historic Chain Bridge (gotohungary.com).

Cheap flights to Budapest

Hotels in Budapest

SWITZERLAND

A giant rave, a demonstration for love, freedom and tolerance, and a fantastic carnival to boot, Zurich’s August Street Parade is the world’s most colorful house and techno party.

Cheap flights to Zurich

Hotels in Zurich

LONDON

Whether London is sunny or foggy, the British Museum never loses its charm, with some of the greatest cultural treasures including the Rosetta Stone. Also free is the National Gallery, brimming with Botticelli, Da Vinci and Monet, and the Victoria and Albert Museum—3,000 years of art, jewelry, photographs, sculpture and fashion (visitlondon.com).

Jess from London suggests: watch free street performances in front of Covent Garden.

Cheap flights to London

Hotels in London

FLANDERS

Free Beer (this being Belgium)—Antwerp’s Brewery Haacht (haacht.com) offers a free one-hour guided tour of their sprawling facility and a taste of one low- and one high-fermentation beer.

Cheap flights to Belgium

Hotels in Antwerp

NORWAY

Economy got you screaming? Edvard Munch’s painting “The Scream” says it all, and you can see it at Oslo’s National Museum of Art (nationalmuseum.no). Maintain the vibe over drinks in the bar of the Hotel Continental (www.hotel-continental.com), a Leading Hotels of the World property, with several original Munch pictures on the walls.

Cheap flights to Oslo

Hotels in Oslo

IRELAND

Mystical and pristine, the Ring of Kerry (ringofkerrytourism.com) is a natural centre for golf, cycling, walking, riding and fishing, and enjoying fine beaches. What’s more, it’s an outdoor museum of Ireland’s ancient heritage, with iron age forts, fascinating ogham stones, old monasteries and a landscape carved by the last Ice Age 10,000 years ago.

Cheap flights to Ireland

Hotels in Ireland

Source: European Travel Commission

Do you know any other free things you can do in Europe? Leave a comment...

Flying to Athens? Take in our Top Tens

Any visitor to Athens must be struck by the surreal feel of modern life built up around ancient temples and monuments. Taking a taxi from the old to the new town, its easy to miss the ancient Temple of Zeus, the father of all gods, as you whizz by. Sit down for a coffee and as you sip your coffee you not only get to enjoy the buzzing alfresco cafe culture, but may also get to feast your eyes on the amazing Acropolis high above you.

In the mix are Byzantine, medieval and 19th century monuments and some of the most highly regarded museums in the world. And to top it all off, getting around is both easy and enjoyable. The metro is easy to use and pristinely clean with stations that look like mini aiports. What's more, for those with a moment to stop and stare, the metro stations are homes to ancient relics found on site and preserved as museum pieces for all to enjoy.

The best time to go is late May and June when temperatures are pleasant and when the Athens Epidaurus Festival begins (www.greekfestival.gr) and runs throughout summer.

1. The Acropolis and the ParthenonThe Acropolis is the sacred hill that overlooks the city of Athens. It is the highest part of the city and once used for silent sanctuary and religion since Neolithic times. On its top are three 5th century temples, the most impressive being Parthenon - a temple that is considered the finest example of Doric-style architecture. It is the epitome of ancient classical Greek art and dedicated to the "Virgin" goddess Athena. It was built during the period of 447 BCE and continued to 438 BCE by the Greek politician, Pericles, who has the accolade of founding the city of Athens and being the architect of the "Golden Age of Greece". Amongst the many treasures displayed in the Parthenon, was a giant ivory and gold sculpture of Athena.

The Parthenon was used by different peoples for different activities. By the 5th century the Parthenon was used as a church, and during the Ottoman occupation it used as a mosque and during the Erechthheion as a harem.

The Parthenon is in ruins now and its downfall started with the Ottomans. They kep kept gunpowder in the temple which was disastrous when the Venetians shelled it during the siege of 1687. Later in 1899 Lord Elgin removed sculptures (the Elgin marbles) and brougt them to the UK where they have remained.

Address: Acropolis Hill, Plaka, Tel: 00 30 210 321 4172Entry to Parthenon: 12 euros (£10, free on Sundays) Open: 8am-7pm daily (summer) 8.30am-5pm daily (winter)Note: When you buy your ticket for entry to the Parthenon, this ticket will also get you into the other main archaeological sites, including the Olympeion, the Theatre of Dionysos, the Agora, and the Roman Forum.

2. The Temple of Olympian Zeus and Hadrians ArchBang in the middle of Athens is the ruins of the ancient temple of Zeus the father of all Greek god. He was revered in this 6th century BC temple that was so big it once comprised 104 that took 700 years to complete but today, 2600 years later, just 15 remain.

The awesome temple was built by the tyranical Pisistratus in 510BC but work was abandoned when Pisistratus' son, Hippias, was overthrown in 510BC. Later in the 3rd century BC when Green during Macedonia domination of Greece. Hellenistic king Antiochus IV of Syria hired Roman architect Cossutius to design the largest temple ever. When the king dies in 164BC work was stopped. Roman Emperor Hadrian, a great admirer of Greek culture took up the mantle in the 2nd century AD and it finally completed in 129.

In 1852 one of the last remaining columns was blown down by a storm and its still lying there.

At the entrace of the site is Hadrian's Arch. This was erected in 131 AD as part of the wall that separated the old and new cities of Athens.

Address: Amalias AvenueEntry: 12 eurosOpen: 800am-7.30pm daily

3. Take a walk around PlakaStone-paved Plaka is probably the most picturesque and certainly the most historical neighbourhood of Athens, nestling between the Acropolis above it and Monastiraki further downhill.Once an area of noisy bars and night club, Plaka was forced to clean up its act by the Athens most famous Culture MInister Melina Mercury who lovingly restored the area to is current glory. Today Plaka has the feel of a small Greek village surrounded by a modern Athens centre.

The are two main streets: Kydatheneon which is easy to walk to from Constitution Square (the main square) and the other, the oldest, Adrianou begins at the Monastiraki flea market. From these, a mele of quaint narrow streets fan out hosting pretty houses with quaint gardens and tidy forecourts.Restaurants, jewellery shops and a motley mix of touristy souvenir shops lace the maze of pedestrianised streets of the ancient Plaka area. True, most of the shops sell much of the same art and crafts but there are some great finds that make the walk along the quaint streets all the more interesting. For instance antiques shops and a couple of eccentric shops such as the colourful ouzo shop called Angelo that claims to have more varieties of this pungent tipple than anywhere else in Athens and a punk fashion store that according to its diary and various photographs, enjoys famous clientelle such as Madonna.

Tucked away are some really interesting museums too such as the Children and the Music Museum along with Greek Forlk Art Museum and the Jewish Museum.

Plaka also has its fair share of architectural gems such as the Roman bath of the winds, the Lysicrates monument and next door the Capuchin Monastery where Lord Byron stayed. Most appealling are the surrounding eateries, tavernas and trendy bars.

4. Kolonaki District - Chic and TrendyKolonaki, near Plateia Syntagma, is probably the trendiest, most chick neighbourhood in Athens. Greek stars are often seen strutting their stuff here and when it comes to trendy, stylish clothes shopping, Kolonaki is where its at. Cafes and restaurants are always busy with people weighed down with shopping bags and in the evening, stylish restaurants and trendy bars are buzzing with Athens trendiest people.

5. Parliament Building, The Evzones and the Changing of the GuardStanding elegantly on Plateia Syntagma (aka Constitution Square) is the neo-Classical Parliament building. It was built in 1842 for Otto who was the first King of Greece after independence. It fell into disrepair and in 1923 was used as shelter for the homeless.

The Parliamentary government resumed in 1926 and the building was renovated and brought back to grandeur. This is where issues of the day are debated and it is televised.

Standing guard are the evzones. These are soldiers dressed in traditional gear that the soldiers wore when rebels won the War of Independence. This comprises a red hat, a pleated skirt with 400 pleats, one for each year under Turkish rule, white tights and shoes with red pom poms. It's hard to imagine them in combat dressed like that. The changing of the guard happens every hour and is entertaining to watch. They don't walk or march, the kick the legs high as if in dance. Apparently the guards are chosen from the compulory Greek military, and they are the tallest and most handsome the army has to offer.

The National Gardens alongside the Parliament where once only royalty were allowed to venture, are now open to the public. A stroll through its well tended paths, orange trees and flowers bends is very calming. You will pass the 19th century Zappeion Hall that serves as an exhibition centre.

6. Syntagma Metro StationAthens Metro system is extremely efficient but more than that, most stations are mini museum housing antiquities that were found on the site where the station was built. The most outstanding is Syntagma Metro Station built when Athens was hosting the Olympics. When the city was excavating in preparation of the metro system archeologists founds thousands of pricelss items on the site. Many are displayed in the station but the most magnificent is a glass wall overlooking the site. It includes two cemetries and there is a commentary that describes the different layers.

Address: Constitution Square

7. Lycabettus Hill (Lykavittos in Greek)This cone-shaped limestone rock offers a lovely way to spend a morning or afternoon. It stretches up from a bed of green pine trees settling into a streaky vision of white and green. At 910 ft tall this is the highest hill in Athens. You can climb it following any one of several paths or if you prefer take the cable car to the top. It leaves every 30 minutes and takes just a couple of minutes to the top. At the top there's a restaurant and a pristinely white 19th century Chapel of St. George. In the summer it also stages open-air theatre and other culural events. Spend some time here and enjoy the dazzling views over Athens that take in the Parthenon on top of the Acropolis.

Address: Odos PloutarchouDirections: Start from Kolonaki and walk towards Exarchia and the Archaeological museumClosest Metro: EvangelismosReturn ticket: 4,50 euros (£4.50)Cable car: Runs 9am-3am every day

8. The National Archaeological MuseumThis national treasure is home to a whole host of ancient treasures devoted to Greek civilisations including those from the royal graves at Mycenai. Some pieces are over 30 centuries old yet you can still pick out the detailed engravings on carved ivory and jewellery.

Address: 44 Patission Street (Tel: 00 30 210 821 7717)Entry: 7 euros (£6)Open: 8.30am-3pm Tuesday-Sunday, 1.30pm-7pm on Mondays.

9. Ancient AgoraThis may look like a wilderness of wild land and olive trees where fallen columns lay where they fell many years ago, but actually, in ancient times, this was the city's main marketplace and seat of the Athenian goverment. It was here that Socrates and St Paul made their public speeches and where Plato spent much of his time. The law courts were here and anyone who happened to be in Agora when a case was being heard would be called up to serve as juror.

Today there are three standing structures: The 11th century Church of the Holy Apostles which was deconsecrated a mere 50 years ago; the Temple of Hephaistos, where the frieze is a must-see; and the Stoa of Attalos which had been rebuilt in the 1950s to house the Agora Museum. This is located near the entrance and worth visiting for the ancient finds.

Address: Adranou 24, Monastiraki, Tel 00 30 210 321 0185Open: Daily 8am-7pm summer, 8am-3pm winter.Entry: 4 euros (£3)

10. Benaki MuseumThis impressive museum was founded in 1930 by Antonis Benakis in memory of his father Emmanuel Benakis at the Benakis family's gorgeous neo-classical mansion. This museum traces Greek art right up the 20th century. Sculpture, ceramics, jewellery, paintings, furniture and costumes are on display, but top pieces include the 2nd century BC Thessaly Treasure (a horde of gold filigree jewellery set with precious stones), two early paintings by El Greco, and the reconstruction of two 18th century, wooden-panelled, Ottoman-inspired living rooms. Later, enjoy some refreshement at the museum's lovely roof terrace café,

Address: Vassilissis Sofias & Koumbari 1, Kolonaki Tel: 00 30 210 367 1000Web: www.benaki.grOpen: Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday 9am-5pm; Thursday 9am-midnight; Sun 9am-3pm.Entry: 6 euros (£4.30), free Thursdays.

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Further Reading

Athens Top Ten

Athens Top Ten

Athens Top Ten

Athens Top Ten

Athens Top Ten

Acropolis Aerial View

You only have a weekend in Lisbon and you want to know what to do and what to see? This is our essential city guide to Lisbon, the capital of Portugal.

Situated at the Western-most tip of Europe, Lisbon has historically had a strategic importance in the discovery of the World. As such, it is a city rich in culture and history. Having been destroyed by the earthquake in 1755 and neglected since 1928 for almost half a century during the Salazar's fascist era, Lisbon has had a complete "face lift" in honour of 1998 Expo.

While there are many museums, palaces, monuments and churches, Lisbon is much more about taking in the relaxed atmosphere of the city’s mosaic-cobbled streets and spacious squares, watching the ceramic-tiled buildings, constantly searching for small architectural details - mixing gothic, baroque, romantic, art deco and modern styles - and stopping in a pastry shop to have yet another “pastéis de nata” cake. Therefore, we have started our Top 10 by describing some of Lisbon’s quarters.

1.    Some of Lisbon’s quarters:

Baixa and Rossio were rebuilt after the 1755 earthquake, with parallel street pattern and organised urban planning. They contain several large squares, such as Praça de Dom Pedro IV, Praça da Figueira and Praça dos Restauradores, each bustling with people. This is also where you can find several popular pedestrian streets: Rua das Portas de Santo Antão, Rua Augusta and Avendida da Liberdade (not pedestrian, but with wide pavements - ladies, do not wear pointy heels or you will probably not appreciate the beauty of the mosaic pavement). Make sure you visit the Rossio train station, with its gothic architecture and have a look at the inside, with ceramic tile decoration.

Bairro Alto and Chiado quarters are where the nightlife is. But during the day there is so much to see too: from Praça dos Restauradores take the Glória funicular railway (another funicular railway to try is Bica, on the other side of Bairro Alto – see below) and admire the view from the belvédère at the top. Then loose yourself in the streets of Bairro Alto and walk towards the Convento Museu do Como, a church with no roof. From there, take the Elevador de Santa Justa (see below).

Alfama, Graça and Mouraria are the oldest quarters in Lisbon. Have a walk around their steep streets and make the most of the fantastic views from the Castelo São Jorge and the Miradouro de Santa Luzia. In Graça, visit Largo da Graça, Igreja da Graça and Miradouro da Nossa Sentora do Monte.

Belém is where Vasco da Gama sailed from in 1497 to discover the Far East and the Monumento das Descobertas (the monument of discoveries) symbolises the event. It is also a lovely quarter to take a walk and try the "pastéis de nata" in the famous Antiga Confeitaria de Belém. It contains a number of monuments, such as UNESCO-listed Mosteiro dos Jerónimos (see below), Museu dos Coches, with its impressive collection of ancient coaches and a finely decorated fortress, Torre de Belém (see below). From Belém, you also have some stunning views of the Ponte 25 de Abril.

Parque das Nações was built for the 1998 exposition and has little to offer other than its Aquarium with a large fish tank in the middle, spreading over two floors.

2.    Elevador de Santa Justa (Santa Justa lift), 45 meters high and built in neo-gothical style in 1902 by Raul Mesnier de Ponsard, an apprentice of Gustav Eiffel

3.    Funicular railways: Bica (classed national monument), Glória and Lavra (the oldest of the three, dating back to 1884).

4.    Tram 28 connects some of the most interesting historic quarters: Bairro Alto, Alfama, Graça.

Tip: buy a 24hour metro ticket for just over 4 euros, as it includes not only metro, but also the Santa Justa elevator, funicular railways and all trams and busses.

5.    Castelo São Jorge: built on the highest hill of Lisbon on top of a fortress dating back to 138 B.C., the castle offers excellent panoramic views of Lisbon. The castle got its name of St. Gorges after the Christians re-conquered it from the Maures in 1147.

6.    Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, a UNESCO heritage site. Dedicated to St. Jerome, patron saint of sailors due to its placement in Belem, where Vasco da Gama returned from his trip to India. You can find his grave inside the church. Wonderful architecture. Make sure you look at the carved details of the stone columns.

7.    Torre de Belém, one of the fortresses guarding the maritime entrance to Lisbon via the river Tagus (Rio Tejo). Built in 1515 during the Golden Age of Portuguese discovery of the World. Great views from the top, if you don’t mind climbing narrow streets hardly allowing for people to pass in both directions.

8.    25th April Bridge (great views from Cristo Rei statue, the Castle of St. George and the streets of Belem) was built during the Salazar’s reign and was originally called Ponte Salazar. It was built by the same engineers who built the famous San Francisco Bridge and, although the two bridges are similar, they are not the identical replicas of each other. When it was built in 1966, it was the longest bridge in Europe, the title now belonging to Vasco da Gama Bridge, on the other side of Lisbon (best view from Vasco da Gama Tower).

9.    Cristo Rei (Christ the King) statue was built in 1959 after the famous Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro. It is over 200 meters tall, with an observation tower at 184 meters, giving impressive views of the 25th April Bridge, Lisbon and the River Tagus.

10.    Sintra, not exactly a Lisbon Top 10, but at less than an hour by train from Lisbon, is definitely a “Top 10”. The town and its surrounding are full of beautiful palaces, as this is where the royal summer residence was. Do not miss the Palácio Nacional de Sintra, with its two massive chimneys in the old kitchen, reminding one of a factory, Quinta da Regaleira, a surreal palace and gardens and Palácio da Pena, up on the hill. Watch out for the price of Palácio da Pena: 11 euros for the palace and the gardens, 4.50 euros for the bus from Sintra to Pena and 2 euros for the (optional) train from the gardens entrance to the actual palace. On the way to Sintra, the train stops in Queluz, with a palace definitely worth a visit. Note the contrast between the elegant palace and the run-down city on the way to it from the train station.

Do you agree/disagree with us? What are your Lisbon top 10 spots? Leave a comment below.

Written by WhichBudget.com, a directory of budget airlines offering cheap flights to Lisbon.

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Lisbon: Belem

Flying to Sydney, here are our not to be missed top tens compiled by Tara Thorne

Sydney Top TensAustralia has always been known as a sun lovin’, free-wheelin’, beer drinkin’ country with people to match who have a love for the simple life. But one of the country’s most iconic cities has done much over the years to shed itself of this stigma, creating a refined class and sophistication to rival some of the largest international cities. Ranked as one of the best places in the world to live, Sydney’s cultural identity continues to grow as it establishes an elegance and style that has moved it towards the upper most echelons of world class cities to visit. There really isn’t a best season to visit Sydney, since temperatures remain rather stable throughout the entire year. Wintertime thermostats rarely drop below 10 degrees Celsius, except during the evenings, and summertime mercury often reaches upwards of 30. If you do arrive during the summer months, (December through February) be sure to bring a hat, your bathing suit, and lots of sunscreen as you’ll have plenty of sunny days to soak up the plethora of stunning beaches that line the east coast. 1.The Sydney Opera HouseNamed as one of the 20 finalists in the New 7 Wonders of the world project, impeccable taste and original design go hand in hand when you think of the Sydney Opera House. Take a wander around this marvelous structure and enjoy the harbour views, or sip a bevy on an outside patio while soaking up the seaside ambience. Not just one of Sydney’s architectural bests, the Sydney Opera House also offers up plenty of cultural activities for the artistic at heart. It is home to the Sydney Theatre Company and the Sydney Symphony. Choose from ballets, concerts, opera, theater, and much, much more.Address: Bennelong Point, Sydney Harbour close to Sydney Harbour BridgeWebsite for Sydney Opera House

2.The RocksThe Rocks is one of the oldest and most historic regions of Sydney. It brims with yesteryear charm and boasts many gastronomic and shopping delights. A must-do are The Rocks Markets, (George & Playfair Streets) where over 150 stalls offer up handcrafted goods and Australian delicacies such as honey-roasted macadamia nuts and homemade jams and lemonade. And you can’t go to The Rocks without enjoying a bite to eat at one of the award-winning restaurants. Entertain the kids at Pancakes on The Rocks, (4, Hickson Rd) seek out a well-hidden Italian trattoria, or soak up the marvelous views of the harbour while dining on lobster at Waterfront Restaurant, (27 Circular Quay West). Alternatively, leave your wallet at your hotel and simply enjoy a romantic stroll through the cobble streets, immersing yourself in the atmosphere of years gone by. Address: Located 1km from the Sydney CBD

3. Sydney Harbour BridgeThis is a famous landmark that needs no introduction. Try climbing this well known bridge all the way to the top where you will come face to face with breathtaking views over the city and beyond the Pacific. But be warned: this activity is not for the faint at heart and if vertigo is your nemesis you may want to stick to walking across, instead of up, this Aussie masterpiece. To climbe Sydney bridge call: Tel: +61 (0)2 8274 7777.4. Museum of Contemporary ArtIf art is your passion then be sure to add the Museum of Contemporary Art, (MCA) to the top of your must-see list. As the only Australian museum dedicated to exhibiting, interpreting, and collecting contemporary art from Australia and around the world, the MCA is constantly showcasing an impressive collection to satisfy even the most discerning art coinsure. Perched between Circular Quay and The Rocks, the MCA makes for the perfect pit stop on a sightseeing journey around Sydney.Address: 140 George Street, The RocksWebsite for the Museum of Contemporary ArtOpen: 10am-5pm daily (closed Christmas day)Entry: Free

5.Bondi BeachBondi Beach is perhaps one of the most famous beaches on the east coast of Australia. Known for it’s eclectic artists, transient backpackers, and eastern suburb fashion devotees, Bondi boasts breathtaking views, talc-soft sand, shops-a-plenty, and a great diversity of restaurants to choose from. Whether it’s eating, drinking, sunbathing, or shopping Bondi has a niche to suit every personality. From high-flying celebrities like Nicole Kidman to the local bloke who enjoys dingy, beer soaked pubs, Bondi caters to every human need, want, or desire. 6. Sydney TowerVenture into downtown Sydney and brace yourself for the vertical trip to the top of Sydney Tower. Housed inside the Sydney Tower, is Australia’s highest revolving restaurant that will have you eating in the clouds. Or brave the outside deck and conquer the Skywalk - Sydney’s highest open-air attraction which rises 260 metres above the ground. Suit up, strap in, then step out and onto a glass platform where you’ll come face to face with 360 degree views of the city. This may sound terrifying, but you’ve nothing to fear – Sydney Tower is ranked as one of the safest buildings in the world.Address: 100 Market Street, SydneyOpen: Sunday to Friday: 9:00am to 10:30pm, last entry at 9:45pm, Saturday: 9:00am to 11:30pm, last entry at 10:45pmBus: Buses stops where Market Street crosses George Street, Castlereagh Street or Elizabeth Street.Ferry: Ferries to/from Circular Quay, 15 minutes walk to Sydney Tower.Monorail: City Centre Station, across the road from Sydney Tower.Train: St James Station (5 minute walk) or Town Hall Station (10 minute walk).7. Botanic GardensWhether you have a green thumb or are a garden klutz, the Botanic Gardens will inspire you to plant more than your average herb. This is a lush, green oasis comprising 30 hectares of nature smack bang in the heart of the city. It boasts the title of the oldest scientific institution in Australia, (established in 1816) and if you’re interested in learning more about Australian flora lessons and personalized tours are on offer, (+61 2 9231 8134). The gardens are located in a spectacular position overlooking Farm Cove and Sydney Harbour. Bring a picnic lunch and set yourself down inside this hidden hideaway and feel the irony of peace within a bustling city. Alternatively, enjoy a bite to eat at the Botanic Garden Restaurant & Café which is surrounded by tropical rainforest and wide verandahs that overlook the Harbour. Address: Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain - Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney Tel: +61 2 9231 8111 –Website for Botanic GardensEntry: Entry is free, except for the Tropical Centre (open daily 10 am to 4 pm )Open: November-February: 7 am-8 pm, March & October: 7 am-6.30 pm, April & September: 7 am-6 pm , May & August: 7 am-5.30 pm , June & July: 7 am-5 pm Train: the nearest station is Martin Place. Other stations close to the Royal Botanic Gardens are St James and Circular Quay.Ferry: an easy walk from Circular QuayBus: the 441 (Balmain via QVB Building) leaves York Street, Town Hall on weekdays, stopping outside the Art Gallery of NSW. The Sydney Explorer Bus also includes the Royal Botanic Gardens on its route and the 200 (Chatswood to Bondi, stops in Macquarie Street).

8.Glebe MarketsAlways a great spot to nab a bargain, these markets cater to the hippy artist in all of us. Located in the grounds of Glebe public school, prepare yourself for a diverse selection of clothing, jewelry, accessories, food, second hand books, and other hidden gems. These are some of the most well known markets in all of Sydney with an alternative flair and inner city vibe. Come here for a true local experience. And once you’re done grab a coffee and a bite to eat on one of the many trendy cafes in the area. Address: Inside Glebe Public School Corner of Derby Road and Glebe Point RoadOpen: Saturday 10am – 4.30pm9.Mrs Macquarie's ChairSituated on the edge of the Royal Botanic Gardens, directly east of the Sydney Opera House. Mrs Macquarie’s Chair - otherwise known as Lady Macquarie’s Chair – provides one of the best vantage points in the whole of Sydney. More than your average “chair” this naturalistic piece of Sydney-side furniture comes with its very own historic tale. It was carved out of a rock ledge over 150 years ago for Governor Lachlan Macquarie’s wife – Elizabeth Macquarie. She was known to frequent the area due to its breathtaking seaside vistas. 10. Blues PointThis is a well-kept Sydney secret often used by locals as a stunning backdrop for wedding photos or a peaceful place to perch if you’re feeling contemplative. A grassy knoll at the bottom of Blues Point road in Milsons Point, you can sit here - practically underneath the Harbour Bridge itself - and watch as boats float past. This has long be a lunchtime hangout for locals who work in the area, but it seldom crowds so you may find you have this special spot all to yourself to enjoy a cool seaside breeze under an open Sydney sky. Address: Blues Point Road, Milsons Point

Sydney Harbour Bridge